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<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nGordon Moore<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nin full\u00a0Gordon E. Moore<\/span>\u00a0(born\u00a0January 3, 1929,\u00a0San Francisco<\/a>,\u00a0California<\/a>), American engineer and <\/span>cofounder, with Robert Noyce, of\u00a0Intel Corporation<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\nEducation<\/span><\/h2>\nMoore studied chemistry at the\u00a0University of California<\/a>, Berkeley (B.S., 1950), and in 1954 he received a Ph.D. in chemistry and\u00a0physics<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0California Institute of Technology<\/a>\u00a0(Caltech), Pasadena. After graduation, Moore joined the Applied Physics Laboratory at\u00a0Johns Hopkins University<\/a>\u00a0in Laurel, Maryland, where he examined the\u00a0physical chemistry<\/a>\u00a0of solid rocket propellants used by the U.S. Navy in <\/span>antiaircraft missiles. Moore soon decided that private industry offered more exciting research with greater potential rewards.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\nFrom Shockley To Intel<\/span><\/h2>\nMoore was particularly excited about the potential of the\u00a0transistor<\/a>, a recent invention awaiting the development of practical\u00a0manufacturing<\/a>\u00a0techniques. In 1956 Moore returned to California to work at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, which\u00a0William Shockley<\/a>, one of the Nobel Prize-winning inventors of the transistor, had just opened in\u00a0Palo Alto<\/a>. The new laboratory was researching manufacturing methods for silicon-based transistors, but after a hectic year-and-a-half under Shockley\u2019s management\u2014capped by an appeal by Moore and others that the company hire a professional manager\u2014Moore and seven colleagues resigned and joined with Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation to form a new company,\u00a0Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation<\/a>, in Santa Clara. In 1957 Fairchild was looking to enter the transistor business, and the \u201ctraitorous eight\u201d\u2014as Shockley labeled the defectors\u2014presented themselves as a prepackaged solution. With Fairchild\u2019s financing and investments from each of the founding members, the new company soon emerged as a major transistor manufacturer. Moore became director of the new company\u2019s\u00a0research and development<\/a>\u00a0in <\/span>1959, after <\/span>cofounder\u00a0Robert Noyce<\/a>\u00a0(<\/span>coinventor of the\u00a0integrated circuit<\/a>) was elevated from that post to general manager.<\/span><\/p>\nDuring his years at Fairchild, it became clear to Moore that, no matter how much\u00a0science<\/a>\u00a0went into conceiving of silicon wafers, there would always be an <\/span>artlike skill associated with their production. When Moore and Noyce left Fairchild in 1968 to establish\u00a0<\/a>Intel Corporation<\/a>\u00a0(also located in Santa Clara), they decided to merge theory and practice by forcing research scientists and engineers to work directly on the production of chips, especially the magnetic oxide\u00a0semiconductor memory<\/a>\u00a0chips that became Intel\u2019s first big commercial success.<\/span><\/p>\nMoore was vice president (1968\u201375), president (1975\u201379), chief executive officer (1975\u201387), and chairman of the board of directors (1979\u201397) of Intel. In 1993 he became chairman of the board of trustees of Caltech. Moore was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n
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<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nin full\u00a0Gordon E. Moore<\/span>\u00a0(born\u00a0January 3, 1929,\u00a0San Francisco<\/a>,\u00a0California<\/a>), American engineer and <\/span>cofounder, with Robert Noyce, of\u00a0Intel Corporation<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n Moore studied chemistry at the\u00a0University of California<\/a>, Berkeley (B.S., 1950), and in 1954 he received a Ph.D. in chemistry and\u00a0physics<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0California Institute of Technology<\/a>\u00a0(Caltech), Pasadena. After graduation, Moore joined the Applied Physics Laboratory at\u00a0Johns Hopkins University<\/a>\u00a0in Laurel, Maryland, where he examined the\u00a0physical chemistry<\/a>\u00a0of solid rocket propellants used by the U.S. Navy in <\/span>antiaircraft missiles. Moore soon decided that private industry offered more exciting research with greater potential rewards.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n Moore was particularly excited about the potential of the\u00a0transistor<\/a>, a recent invention awaiting the development of practical\u00a0manufacturing<\/a>\u00a0techniques. In 1956 Moore returned to California to work at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, which\u00a0William Shockley<\/a>, one of the Nobel Prize-winning inventors of the transistor, had just opened in\u00a0Palo Alto<\/a>. The new laboratory was researching manufacturing methods for silicon-based transistors, but after a hectic year-and-a-half under Shockley\u2019s management\u2014capped by an appeal by Moore and others that the company hire a professional manager\u2014Moore and seven colleagues resigned and joined with Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation to form a new company,\u00a0Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation<\/a>, in Santa Clara. In 1957 Fairchild was looking to enter the transistor business, and the \u201ctraitorous eight\u201d\u2014as Shockley labeled the defectors\u2014presented themselves as a prepackaged solution. With Fairchild\u2019s financing and investments from each of the founding members, the new company soon emerged as a major transistor manufacturer. Moore became director of the new company\u2019s\u00a0research and development<\/a>\u00a0in <\/span>1959, after <\/span>cofounder\u00a0Robert Noyce<\/a>\u00a0(<\/span>coinventor of the\u00a0integrated circuit<\/a>) was elevated from that post to general manager.<\/span><\/p>\n During his years at Fairchild, it became clear to Moore that, no matter how much\u00a0science<\/a>\u00a0went into conceiving of silicon wafers, there would always be an <\/span>artlike skill associated with their production. When Moore and Noyce left Fairchild in 1968 to establish\u00a0<\/a>Intel Corporation<\/a>\u00a0(also located in Santa Clara), they decided to merge theory and practice by forcing research scientists and engineers to work directly on the production of chips, especially the magnetic oxide\u00a0semiconductor memory<\/a>\u00a0chips that became Intel\u2019s first big commercial success.<\/span><\/p>\n Moore was vice president (1968\u201375), president (1975\u201379), chief executive officer (1975\u201387), and chairman of the board of directors (1979\u201397) of Intel. In 1993 he became chairman of the board of trustees of Caltech. Moore was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\nEducation<\/span><\/h2>\n
From Shockley To Intel<\/span><\/h2>\n